冒険の書

２７歳と６ヶ月のときに未経験でITエンジニアに転職した元派遣会社営業職（文系）が綴るブログです。同じように２０代後半から未経験でIT技術者に転職することを検討されている人に「２７歳からの未経験がどれだけ成長できるか」という点などで参考になれば幸いです。

【IT系】kvm上のCentOS6.5でdhcpサーバを構築してみた。

 

インフラエンジニア教本 ~ネットワーク構築技術解説 (Software Design 別冊)

インフラエンジニア教本 ~ネットワーク構築技術解説 (Software Design 別冊)

 

 これを基に、dhcpサーバの構築をしてみました。

まずは、dhcpをインストールする。

$ sudo yum install dhcp
---------中略----------
================================================================================
 Package          Arch        Version                           Repository
                                                                           Size
================================================================================
Installing:
 dhcp             x86_64      12:4.1.1-43.P1.el6.centos         base      819 k
Installing for dependencies:
 portreserve      x86_64      0.0.4-9.el6                       base       23 k
Updating for dependencies:
 dhclient         x86_64      12:4.1.1-43.P1.el6.centos         base      318 k
 dhcp-common      x86_64      12:4.1.1-43.P1.el6.centos         base      143 k

Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Install       2 Package(s)
Upgrade       2 Package(s)

Total download size: 1.3 M
Is this ok [y/N]: y
---------中略----------
Installed:
  dhcp.x86_64 12:4.1.1-43.P1.el6.centos                                         

Dependency Installed:
  portreserve.x86_64 0:0.0.4-9.el6                                              

Dependency Updated:
  dhclient.x86_64 12:4.1.1-43.P1.el6.centos                                     
  dhcp-common.x86_64 12:4.1.1-43.P1.el6.centos                                  

Complete!

ここで、自動起動をonにする。起動時にIPアドレスを割り当てられるようにね。

$ chkconfig --list dhcpd
dhcpd          	0:off	1:off	2:on	3:on	4:on	5:on	6:off
$ sudo service dhcpd start
dhcpd を起動中:                                            [失敗]

しかし、dhcpdの起動に失敗してしまう。原因はchownできないかららしいけど、なぜchownできなかったのかというとSELinuxが起動していたからでした。
ちなみに、chownしなければいけない理由は今のところ判明してません。

Dec 27 23:11:24 localhost dhcpd: Internet Systems Consortium DHCP Server 4.1.1-P
1
Dec 27 23:11:24 localhost dhcpd: Copyright 2004-2010 Internet Systems Consortium.
Dec 27 23:11:24 localhost dhcpd: All rights reserved.
Dec 27 23:11:24 localhost dhcpd: For info, please visit https://www.isc.org/software/dhcp/
Dec 27 23:11:24 localhost dhcpd: Not searching LDAP since ldap-server, ldap-port and ldap-base-dn were not specified in the config file
Dec 27 23:11:24 localhost dhcpd: Can't chown new lease file: Operation not permitted
Dec 27 23:11:24 localhost dhcpd: 
Dec 27 23:11:24 localhost dhcpd: This version of ISC DHCP is based on the release available
Dec 27 23:11:24 localhost dhcpd: on ftp.isc.org.  Features have been added and other changes
Dec 27 23:11:24 localhost dhcpd: have been made to the base software release in order to make
Dec 27 23:11:24 localhost dhcpd: it work better with this distribution.
Dec 27 23:11:24 localhost dhcpd: 
Dec 27 23:11:24 localhost dhcpd: Please report for this software via the CentOS Bugs Database:
Dec 27 23:11:24 localhost dhcpd:     http://bugs.centos.org/
Dec 27 23:11:24 localhost dhcpd: 
Dec 27 23:11:24 localhost dhcpd: exiting.

dhcpサーバがどのようなやりとりをしているか、サーバ側でパケットの流れを追う

$ sudo /usr/sbin/tcpdump -nlSvi eth1 dst port 67 or dst port 68
tcpdump: listening on eth1, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 65535 bytes
13:13:19.007105 IP (tos 0x10, ttl 128, id 0, offset 0, flags [none], proto UDP (17), length 328)
    0.0.0.0.bootpc > 255.255.255.255.bootps: BOOTP/DHCP, Request from 52:54:00:6b:74:8e, length 300, xid 0x799ee650, secs 7, Flags [none]
	  Client-Ethernet-Address 52:54:00:6b:74:8e
	  Vendor-rfc1048 Extensions
	    Magic Cookie 0x63825363
	    DHCP-Message Option 53, length 1: Discover
	    Parameter-Request Option 55, length 13: 
	      Subnet-Mask, BR, Time-Zone, Classless-Static-Route
	      Domain-Name, Domain-Name-Server, Hostname, YD
	      YS, NTP, MTU, Option 119
	      Default-Gateway
13:13:20.001406 IP (tos 0x10, ttl 128, id 0, offset 0, flags [none], proto UDP (17), length 328)
    192.168.1.2.bootps > 192.168.1.101.bootpc: BOOTP/DHCP, Reply, length 300, xid 0x799ee650, secs 7, Flags [none]
	  Your-IP 192.168.1.101
	  Client-Ethernet-Address 52:54:00:6b:74:8e
	  Vendor-rfc1048 Extensions
	    Magic Cookie 0x63825363
	    DHCP-Message Option 53, length 1: Offer
	    Server-ID Option 54, length 4: 192.168.1.2
	    Lease-Time Option 51, length 4: 28800
	    Subnet-Mask Option 1, length 4: 255.255.255.0
	    Domain-Name Option 15, length 11: "example.com"
	    Domain-Name-Server Option 6, length 4: 192.168.11.1
	    Default-Gateway Option 3, length 4: 192.168.1.254
13:13:20.002211 IP (tos 0x10, ttl 128, id 0, offset 0, flags [none], proto UDP (17), length 328)
    0.0.0.0.bootpc > 255.255.255.255.bootps: BOOTP/DHCP, Request from 52:54:00:6b:74:8e, length 300, xid 0x799ee650, secs 7, Flags [none]
	  Client-Ethernet-Address 52:54:00:6b:74:8e
	  Vendor-rfc1048 Extensions
	    Magic Cookie 0x63825363
	    DHCP-Message Option 53, length 1: Request
	    Server-ID Option 54, length 4: 192.168.1.2
	    Requested-IP Option 50, length 4: 192.168.1.101
	    Parameter-Request Option 55, length 13: 
	      Subnet-Mask, BR, Time-Zone, Classless-Static-Route
	      Domain-Name, Domain-Name-Server, Hostname, YD
	      YS, NTP, MTU, Option 119
	      Default-Gateway
13:13:20.048547 IP (tos 0x10, ttl 128, id 0, offset 0, flags [none], proto UDP (17), length 328)
    192.168.1.2.bootps > 192.168.1.101.bootpc: BOOTP/DHCP, Reply, length 300, xid 0x799ee650, secs 7, Flags [none]
	  Your-IP 192.168.1.101
	  Client-Ethernet-Address 52:54:00:6b:74:8e
	  Vendor-rfc1048 Extensions
	    Magic Cookie 0x63825363
	    DHCP-Message Option 53, length 1: ACK
	    Server-ID Option 54, length 4: 192.168.1.2
	    Lease-Time Option 51, length 4: 28800
	    Subnet-Mask Option 1, length 4: 255.255.255.0
	    Domain-Name Option 15, length 11: "example.com"
	    Domain-Name-Server Option 6, length 4: 192.168.11.1
	    Default-Gateway Option 3, length 4: 192.168.1.254

こんな感じで、Duscover -> Offer -> Request -> ACK となり、IPアドレスの割り当てがされていることが分かる。
続いて、eth1を再起動し、割り当て期間内で再度割り当てを要求した場合の動作を確認する。

$ sudo ifdown eth1
$ ifconfig
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 52:54:00:A4:B9:65  
          inet addr:192.168.11.5  Bcast:192.168.11.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          inet6 addr: fe80::5054:ff:fea4:b965/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:1168 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:764 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
          RX bytes:106375 (103.8 KiB)  TX bytes:93214 (91.0 KiB)

lo        Link encap:Local Loopback  
          inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0
          inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:16436  Metric:1
          RX packets:47 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:47 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 
          RX bytes:4888 (4.7 KiB)  TX bytes:4888 (4.7 KiB)

$ sudo ifup eth1

eth1 のIP情報を検出中... 完了。

再起動時のtcpdumpのログがこれ↓
IPアドレス再割り当ての際は、Requestから開始される

    0.0.0.0.bootpc > 255.255.255.255.bootps: BOOTP/DHCP, Request from 52:54:00:6b:74:8e, length 300, xid 0x2908202, Flags [none]
	  Client-Ethernet-Address 52:54:00:6b:74:8e
	  Vendor-rfc1048 Extensions
	    Magic Cookie 0x63825363
	    DHCP-Message Option 53, length 1: Request
	    Requested-IP Option 50, length 4: 192.168.1.101
	    Parameter-Request Option 55, length 13: 
	      Subnet-Mask, BR, Time-Zone, Classless-Static-Route
	      Domain-Name, Domain-Name-Server, Hostname, YD
	      YS, NTP, MTU, Option 119
	      Default-Gateway
13:31:26.043929 IP (tos 0x10, ttl 128, id 0, offset 0, flags [none], proto UDP (17), length 328)
    192.168.1.2.bootps > 192.168.1.101.bootpc: BOOTP/DHCP, Reply, length 300, xid 0x2908202, Flags [none]
	  Your-IP 192.168.1.101
	  Client-Ethernet-Address 52:54:00:6b:74:8e
	  Vendor-rfc1048 Extensions
	    Magic Cookie 0x63825363
	    DHCP-Message Option 53, length 1: ACK
	    Server-ID Option 54, length 4: 192.168.1.2
	    Lease-Time Option 51, length 4: 28800
	    Subnet-Mask Option 1, length 4: 255.255.255.0
	    Domain-Name Option 15, length 11: "example.com"
	    Domain-Name-Server Option 6, length 4: 192.168.11.1
	    Default-Gateway Option 3, length 4: 192.168.1.254
13:36:13.355180 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 0, offset 0, flags [DF], proto UDP (17), length 328)

「dhclient」コマンドで、明示的にIPアドレスの割り当てを解放した場合を検証する

$ sudo dhclient -r eth1 -lf /var/lib/dhclient/dhclient-eth1.leases 
$ ifconfig
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 52:54:00:A4:B9:65  
          inet addr:192.168.11.5  Bcast:192.168.11.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          inet6 addr: fe80::5054:ff:fea4:b965/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:1494 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:984 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
          RX bytes:137899 (134.6 KiB)  TX bytes:121682 (118.8 KiB)

eth1      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 52:54:00:6B:74:8E  
          inet6 addr: fe80::5054:ff:fe6b:748e/64 Scope:Link               ←　IPアドレスの割り当てがなくなっている
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:781 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:105 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
          RX bytes:41370 (40.4 KiB)  TX bytes:5958 (5.8 KiB)

lo        Link encap:Local Loopback  
          inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0
          inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:16436  Metric:1
          RX packets:58 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:58 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 
          RX bytes:6032 (5.8 KiB)  TX bytes:6032 (5.8 KiB)

解放した際に、tcpdumpのログはこちら↓

    192.168.1.101.bootpc > 192.168.1.2.bootps: BOOTP/DHCP, Request from 52:54:00:6b:74:8e, length 300, xid 0x55c2f47b, Flags [none]
	  Client-IP 192.168.1.101
	  Client-Ethernet-Address 52:54:00:6b:74:8e
	  Vendor-rfc1048 Extensions
	    Magic Cookie 0x63825363
	    DHCP-Message Option 53, length 1: Release
	    Server-ID Option 54, length 4: 192.168.1.2

eth1を再起動して、再度IPアドレスを割り当てる

$ sudo ifdown eth1
[sudo] password for test1: 
$ ifconfig
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 52:54:00:A4:B9:65  
          inet addr:192.168.11.5  Bcast:192.168.11.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          inet6 addr: fe80::5054:ff:fea4:b965/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:1597 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:1038 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
          RX bytes:146977 (143.5 KiB)  TX bytes:129174 (126.1 KiB)
                                                                                 ←eth1が認識されなくなりました
lo        Link encap:Local Loopback  
          inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0
          inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:16436  Metric:1
          RX packets:58 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:58 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 
          RX bytes:6032 (5.8 KiB)  TX bytes:6032 (5.8 KiB)
$ sudo ifup eth1
eth1 のIP情報を検出中... 完了。
$ ifconfig
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 52:54:00:A4:B9:65  
          inet addr:192.168.11.5  Bcast:192.168.11.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          inet6 addr: fe80::5054:ff:fea4:b965/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:1635 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:1061 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
          RX bytes:150315 (146.7 KiB)  TX bytes:132768 (129.6 KiB)

eth1      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 52:54:00:6B:74:8E  
          inet addr:192.168.1.101  Bcast:192.168.1.255  Mask:255.255.255.0     ←割り当てられました
          inet6 addr: fe80::5054:ff:fe6b:748e/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:1027 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:115 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
          RX bytes:54688 (53.4 KiB)  TX bytes:7410 (7.2 KiB)

lo        Link encap:Local Loopback  
          inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0
          inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:16436  Metric:1
          RX packets:61 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:61 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 
          RX bytes:6344 (6.1 KiB)  TX bytes:6344 (6.1 KiB)

再割り当て時のtcpdumpのログはこちら↓
Discoverから開始されたことが分かる

    0.0.0.0.bootpc > 255.255.255.255.bootps: BOOTP/DHCP, Request from 52:54:00:6b:74:8e, length 300, xid 0x96384d5a, Flags [none]
	  Client-Ethernet-Address 52:54:00:6b:74:8e
	  Vendor-rfc1048 Extensions
	    Magic Cookie 0x63825363
	    DHCP-Message Option 53, length 1: Discover
	    Requested-IP Option 50, length 4: 192.168.1.101
	    Parameter-Request Option 55, length 13: 
	      Subnet-Mask, BR, Time-Zone, Classless-Static-Route
	      Domain-Name, Domain-Name-Server, Hostname, YD
	      YS, NTP, MTU, Option 119
	      Default-Gateway
13:46:12.001109 IP (tos 0x10, ttl 128, id 0, offset 0, flags [none], proto UDP (17), length 328)
    192.168.1.2.bootps > 192.168.1.101.bootpc: BOOTP/DHCP, Reply, length 300, xid 0x96384d5a, Flags [none]
	  Your-IP 192.168.1.101
	  Client-Ethernet-Address 52:54:00:6b:74:8e
	  Vendor-rfc1048 Extensions
	    Magic Cookie 0x63825363
	    DHCP-Message Option 53, length 1: Offer
	    Server-ID Option 54, length 4: 192.168.1.2
	    Lease-Time Option 51, length 4: 28800
	    Subnet-Mask Option 1, length 4: 255.255.255.0
	    Domain-Name Option 15, length 11: "example.com"
	    Domain-Name-Server Option 6, length 4: 192.168.11.1
	    Default-Gateway Option 3, length 4: 192.168.1.254
13:46:12.001434 IP (tos 0x10, ttl 128, id 0, offset 0, flags [none], proto UDP (17), length 328)
    0.0.0.0.bootpc > 255.255.255.255.bootps: BOOTP/DHCP, Request from 52:54:00:6b:74:8e, length 300, xid 0x96384d5a, Flags [none]
	  Client-Ethernet-Address 52:54:00:6b:74:8e
	  Vendor-rfc1048 Extensions
	    Magic Cookie 0x63825363
	    DHCP-Message Option 53, length 1: Request
	    Server-ID Option 54, length 4: 192.168.1.2
	    Requested-IP Option 50, length 4: 192.168.1.101
	    Parameter-Request Option 55, length 13: 
	      Subnet-Mask, BR, Time-Zone, Classless-Static-Route
	      Domain-Name, Domain-Name-Server, Hostname, YD
	      YS, NTP, MTU, Option 119
	      Default-Gateway
13:46:12.076217 IP (tos 0x10, ttl 128, id 0, offset 0, flags [none], proto UDP (17), length 328)
    192.168.1.2.bootps > 192.168.1.101.bootpc: BOOTP/DHCP, Reply, length 300, xid 0x96384d5a, Flags [none]
	  Your-IP 192.168.1.101
	  Client-Ethernet-Address 52:54:00:6b:74:8e
	  Vendor-rfc1048 Extensions
	    Magic Cookie 0x63825363
	    DHCP-Message Option 53, length 1: ACK
	    Server-ID Option 54, length 4: 192.168.1.2
	    Lease-Time Option 51, length 4: 28800
	    Subnet-Mask Option 1, length 4: 255.255.255.0
	    Domain-Name Option 15, length 11: "example.com"
	    Domain-Name-Server Option 6, length 4: 192.168.11.1
	    Default-Gateway Option 3, length 4: 192.168.1.254

固定IPを割り当ててみる

/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.confに以下のように追記する

ddns-update-style none;
default-lease-time 28800;
max-lease-time 86400;

subnet 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
        authoritative;
        range 192.168.1.101 192.168.1.199;
        option routers 192.168.1.254;
        option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
        option domain-name-servers 192.168.11.1;
        option domain-name "example.com";
                                                     ----------ここから
        host client01 {
                hardware ethernet 52:54:00:6B:74:8E;
                fixed-address     192.168.1.99;
                option host-name  "client01";
        }                                            ----------ここまで追記
}

ホスト「dhcp01」のdhcpdを再起動する

$ sudo service dhcpd restart
dhcpd を停止中:                                            [  OK  ]
dhcpd を起動中:                                            [  OK  ]

クライアントでIPアドレスの割り当てが成功しているか確認する

$ ifconfig
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 52:54:00:A4:B9:65  
          inet addr:192.168.11.5  Bcast:192.168.11.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          inet6 addr: fe80::5054:ff:fea4:b965/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:110 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:82 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
          RX bytes:13723 (13.4 KiB)  TX bytes:12218 (11.9 KiB)

eth1      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 52:54:00:6B:74:8E  
          inet addr:192.168.1.101  Bcast:192.168.1.255  Mask:255.255.255.0   ←まだ、以前に割り当てられてまま
          inet6 addr: fe80::5054:ff:fe6b:748e/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:357 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:85 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
          RX bytes:18818 (18.3 KiB)  TX bytes:4182 (4.0 KiB)

lo        Link encap:Local Loopback  
          inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0
          inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:16436  Metric:1
          RX packets:42 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:42 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 
          RX bytes:4368 (4.2 KiB)  TX bytes:4368 (4.2 KiB)

$ sudo ifdown eth1
[sudo] password for test1: 
$ ifconfig
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 52:54:00:A4:B9:65  
          inet addr:192.168.11.5  Bcast:192.168.11.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          inet6 addr: fe80::5054:ff:fea4:b965/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:161 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:110 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
          RX bytes:18193 (17.7 KiB)  TX bytes:17506 (17.0 KiB)

lo        Link encap:Local Loopback  
          inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0
          inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:16436  Metric:1
          RX packets:42 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:42 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 
          RX bytes:4368 (4.2 KiB)  TX bytes:4368 (4.2 KiB)

$ sudo ifup eth1
eth1 のIP情報を検出中... 完了。
$ ifconfig
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 52:54:00:A4:B9:65  
          inet addr:192.168.11.5  Bcast:192.168.11.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          inet6 addr: fe80::5054:ff:fea4:b965/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:199 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:131 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
          RX bytes:21517 (21.0 KiB)  TX bytes:21564 (21.0 KiB)

eth1      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 52:54:00:6B:74:8E  
          inet addr:192.168.1.99  Bcast:192.168.1.255  Mask:255.255.255.0   ←設定通りのIPアドレスとが割り当てられている
          inet6 addr: fe80::5054:ff:fe6b:748e/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:375 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:96 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
          RX bytes:20624 (20.1 KiB)  TX bytes:5716 (5.5 KiB)

lo        Link encap:Local Loopback  
          inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0
          inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:16436  Metric:1
          RX packets:45 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:45 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 
          RX bytes:4680 (4.5 KiB)  TX bytes:4680 (4.5 KiB)

固定IPアドレス割り当て時の、dhcpサーバ側のtcpdumpのログはこちら↓

    0.0.0.0.bootpc > 255.255.255.255.bootps: BOOTP/DHCP, Request from 52:54:00:6b:74:8e, length 300, xid 0x33249a7e, Flags [none]
	  Client-Ethernet-Address 52:54:00:6b:74:8e
	  Vendor-rfc1048 Extensions
	    Magic Cookie 0x63825363
	    DHCP-Message Option 53, length 1: Request
	    Requested-IP Option 50, length 4: 192.168.1.101
	    Parameter-Request Option 55, length 13: 
	      Subnet-Mask, BR, Time-Zone, Classless-Static-Route
	      Domain-Name, Domain-Name-Server, Hostname, YD
	      YS, NTP, MTU, Option 119
	      Default-Gateway
14:25:09.656447 IP (tos 0x10, ttl 128, id 0, offset 0, flags [none], proto UDP (17), length 328)
    192.168.1.2.bootps > 255.255.255.255.bootpc: BOOTP/DHCP, Reply, length 300, xid 0x33249a7e, Flags [Broadcast]
	  Server-IP 192.168.1.2
	  Client-Ethernet-Address 52:54:00:6b:74:8e
	  Vendor-rfc1048 Extensions
	    Magic Cookie 0x63825363
	    DHCP-Message Option 53, length 1: NACK
	    Server-ID Option 54, length 4: 192.168.1.2
	    MSG Option 56, length 30: "requested address is incorrect"
14:25:09.685652 IP (tos 0x10, ttl 128, id 0, offset 0, flags [none], proto UDP (17), length 328)
    0.0.0.0.bootpc > 255.255.255.255.bootps: BOOTP/DHCP, Request from 52:54:00:6b:74:8e, length 300, xid 0x482bd718, Flags [none]
	  Client-Ethernet-Address 52:54:00:6b:74:8e
	  Vendor-rfc1048 Extensions
	    Magic Cookie 0x63825363
	    DHCP-Message Option 53, length 1: Discover
	    Parameter-Request Option 55, length 13: 
	      Subnet-Mask, BR, Time-Zone, Classless-Static-Route
	      Domain-Name, Domain-Name-Server, Hostname, YD
	      YS, NTP, MTU, Option 119
	      Default-Gateway
14:25:09.685795 IP (tos 0x10, ttl 128, id 0, offset 0, flags [none], proto UDP (17), length 328)
    192.168.1.2.bootps > 192.168.1.99.bootpc: BOOTP/DHCP, Reply, length 300, xid 0x482bd718, Flags [none]
	  Your-IP 192.168.1.99
	  Client-Ethernet-Address 52:54:00:6b:74:8e
	  Vendor-rfc1048 Extensions
	    Magic Cookie 0x63825363
	    DHCP-Message Option 53, length 1: Offer
	    Server-ID Option 54, length 4: 192.168.1.2
	    Lease-Time Option 51, length 4: 28800
	    Subnet-Mask Option 1, length 4: 255.255.255.0
	    Domain-Name Option 15, length 11: "example.com"
	    Domain-Name-Server Option 6, length 4: 192.168.11.1
	    Hostname Option 12, length 8: "client01"
	    Default-Gateway Option 3, length 4: 192.168.1.254
14:25:09.685945 IP (tos 0x10, ttl 128, id 0, offset 0, flags [none], proto UDP (17), length 328)
    0.0.0.0.bootpc > 255.255.255.255.bootps: BOOTP/DHCP, Request from 52:54:00:6b:74:8e, length 300, xid 0x482bd718, Flags [none]
	  Client-Ethernet-Address 52:54:00:6b:74:8e
	  Vendor-rfc1048 Extensions
	    Magic Cookie 0x63825363
	    DHCP-Message Option 53, length 1: Request
	    Server-ID Option 54, length 4: 192.168.1.2
	    Requested-IP Option 50, length 4: 192.168.1.99
	    Parameter-Request Option 55, length 13: 
	      Subnet-Mask, BR, Time-Zone, Classless-Static-Route
	      Domain-Name, Domain-Name-Server, Hostname, YD
	      YS, NTP, MTU, Option 119
	      Default-Gateway
14:25:09.686002 IP (tos 0x10, ttl 128, id 0, offset 0, flags [none], proto UDP (17), length 328)
    192.168.1.2.bootps > 192.168.1.99.bootpc: BOOTP/DHCP, Reply, length 300, xid 0x482bd718, Flags [none]
	  Your-IP 192.168.1.99
	  Client-Ethernet-Address 52:54:00:6b:74:8e
	  Vendor-rfc1048 Extensions
	    Magic Cookie 0x63825363
	    DHCP-Message Option 53, length 1: ACK
	    Server-ID Option 54, length 4: 192.168.1.2
	    Lease-Time Option 51, length 4: 28800
	    Subnet-Mask Option 1, length 4: 255.255.255.0
	    Domain-Name Option 15, length 11: "example.com"
	    Domain-Name-Server Option 6, length 4: 192.168.11.1
	    Hostname Option 12, length 8: "client01"
	    Default-Gateway Option 3, length 4: 192.168.1.254

見事dhcpサーバから固定IPアドレスを割り当てることができました

やっぱり、教科書通りの単純なことだと分かっていても、端折らずに地道に行うことが大事だね。

 

ぶっちゃけ、dhcpなんて業務外でまったく業務には関係ありません

でも、業務でやってることしかわからないエンジニアにはなりたくなくて、上っ面だけしかわからないエンジニアにもなりたくなくて、仕組みを根本から理解しているエンジニアになりたいので、寄り道しまくります笑

もちろん、学んだことの中から業務への活かし方も考えますよ。仕事に活かせてナンボっていうのは前提ですからね

以上、教科書をなぞっただけのハンズオンでしたが、dhcpサーバの構築終了です。